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Crime relating to the abuse of addictive substances
Smižanská, Magda ; Vokoun, Rudolf (advisor) ; Jelínek, Jiří (referee)
Introduction 1. The drug, an addictive substance, drug addiction and certain further relevant terms 2. Overview of the classification, evolution, characterization and effects of particular illegal drugs 3. Drug scene in the Czech Republic in and the drug phenomenon in the European context 4. Drug-related crime in the light of the offender 5. The legal regulation related to substance abuse 6. Prevention and the drug policy in the Czech Republic Conclusion Abbreviation list Used literature list Appendix list Appendix Summary
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The role of epigenetic mechanisms in opiate dependence
Hronová, Anna ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Netolický, Jakub (referee)
Addiction and tolerance develop with the chronic use of opioids. Opioid drug abuse has social, economic and health consequences. The most commonly abused opioid drug is heroin, but so is morphine, which is used in medicine as an analgesic. Drug dependence includes potentially long-term behavioural abnormalities that are induced by repeated use of opioid drugs. The persistence of behavioural chan- ges suggests that there are long-term changes in gene expression. Research has shown the crucial role of epigenetic mechanisms in managing long-term changes in gene expression. Studies have revealed increased levels of permissive histone acetylation, decreased levels of repressive histone methylation, and changes in DNA methylation patterns and non-coding RNA expression. Within the action of opioids, these epigenetic modifications are limited to the mesolimbic and limbic systems, which play a role in the processing of emotions, motivation or reward. There is still much work to be done in the field of research into the influence of epigenetic mechanisms in opiate dependence. However, research to date has significantly shifted the understanding of how opioids cause permanent changes in brain function with their results and findings.
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Signs of epilepsy spectrum disorder in persons with psychostimulant addiction
Jakubová, Žaneta ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
Bc. Žaneta Jakubová, Specialist in laboratory methods Signs of epilepsy spectrum disorder in persons with psychostimulants addiction Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Background: The aim of this diploma thesis is to study the occurrence of symptoms of epileptic spectrum disorder in psychostimulant subjects and to demonstrate the effect of psychostimulants on the occurrence of this disorder. Methods: For questionnaire survey was used to collect the data, in which probands submitted a total of 3 questionnaires. Input anamnestic questionnaire to obtain general information, the remaining two are focused on symptoms of epileptic spectrum disorder - Complex Partial Seizure-like Symptoms Inventory (CPSI) and Limbic System Checklist-33 (LSCL-33). Statistical methods of percentage comparison, chi-square test and unpaired t-test were used for evaluation. Results: Unusual scores and scores for epileptic spectrum disorder reached a total of 60 % of respondents in the CPSI. In the LSCL-33 questionnaire, a suspect and abnormal score reached 100 % of respondents. Conclusions: Both hypotheses have been demonstrated, namely that psychostimulants influence the occurrence of symptoms of epileptic spectrum disorder and that...
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Psychosocial Problems in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C and Drug Addiction in their History
JAROŠOVÁ, Eva
This diploma thesis deals with the psychosocial problems of patients treated for chronic hepatitis C. The aim of the thesis was to map the problems arising during this treatment and to divide them into biological, psychological, and social problems and problems leading to a change in the patient's quality of life. The disease is also assessed in relation to risky behaviour - a history of substance dependence. The work should also show how the individual components of the multidisciplinary team are involved in intervention during treatment. In the first part of the thesis, I describe the theoretical issues of hepatitis C as a consequence of intravenous drug dependence, and I deal with quality of life, the multidisciplinary team and psychosocial care with the help of professional literature. In the empirical part, I chose qualitative research through the interviewing method using the semi-structured interview technique. The research sample consisted of eight clients of the infectious disease ward treated for or shortly after chronic hepatitis C. The data analysis was evaluated by the data categorization method. The results showed a very demanding, mainly physically, course of treatment with a significant impact on the mental and social function of the patient. The reason why the clients had turned to addictive substances was varied, from a curiosity in youth, through addiction as a consequence of trauma from sexual abuse in childhood, to addiction as a consequence of leaving a children's home without the adequate social preparedness and assistance. The components of the multidisciplinary team that intervened the most were healthcare, psychiatry, psychology - psychotherapy, the District Social Security Administration, and the Labour Office. This work identifies the issues that are not widely spoken of. It has shown us that not only addiction to addictive substances is dangerous for the individuals, but that the health problems do not end even after the treatment of their addiction, and the clients have to undergo a rather demanding treatment in order to eliminate these problems. However, on a society-wide level, it is desirable that as many of these clients as possible be treated with a positive result, even if they are drawing large amounts from the general health insurance. The results could serve as materials for the prevention of socio-pathological phenomena, for educational activities in schools or for institutions in, for example, K-centres, which provide help to addictive substance users.
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Signs of epilepsy spectrum disorder in drug-dependent persons
Špuláková, Lucie ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
Bc. Lucie Špuláková Signs of epilepsy spectrum disorder in drug-dependent persons Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Specialist in laboratory methods Objectives: The objective of this diploma thesis was to demonstrate the signs of epile- psy spectrum disorder in risk group of drug-dependent persons. Methods: We investigated the signs of epilepsy spectrum disorder by questionnaire survey - specifically by questionnaires Limbic System Checklist-33 (LSCL-33) and Complex Partial Seizure-like Symptoms Inventory (CPSI). We used statistical methods for results evaluation - the percentage comparison, chi-square test, and Spearman corre- lation coefficient. Results: The questionnaire survey demonstrated a significant shift towards abnormal values for both questionnaires. Abnormal score was achieved by 77 % respondents for questionnary LSCL-33, suspected score was achieved by 19 % respondents. Score for epilepsy spektrum disorder was achieved by 32 % respondents for questionnary CPSI and 45 % respondents showed unusual values. Conclusions: Signs of epilepsy spectrum disorder in drug-dependent persons was thus proved. The incidence is higher than in ordinary population and population of smokers. It was also...
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PHARMACOTERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS IN ADDICTION TREATMENT
Kozinski, Jan ; Minařík, Jakub (advisor) ; Oktábec, Zbyněk (referee)
Drug dependence is one of the most common psychiatric diagnosis besides with affective disorders and anxiety disorders. Drug abuse may entail many somatic and psychiatric comorbidities which complicate treatment and substantially worsen its prognosis. Allthough the main reason of keeping dependence behaviour are maladaptive behavioural patterns, on the cell level there are mainly pathophysiological processes in the central nervous systém. Similarly, it can be supposed that centre of treatment lies in psychotherapy, nevertheless parallel medication may significantly reduce subjective difficulties connected with abstinence from drug, which are common reason from treatment terminating from the side of patient. In the urgent addictology, or acute psychiatry it is possible to meet with situations, when psychotherapeutic techniques have only limited effectiveness. It is possible to use for example de-escalate approach with anxious patient that is intoxicated by cannabinoids or halucinogens, but it has no efficacy in the case of life-threatening acute intoxication by anticholinergics, opioids or tranquillisers. Similarly, in the case of acute withdrawal syndrome after long abuse of drugs with strong physical dependence, such as alcohol or benzodiazepines may physician almost exclusively rely on...
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The importance and necessity of family therapy in treatement of drug dependence within Centre of psychotherapy and family therapy at Apolinář
Tauchmanová, Karolína ; Radimecký, Josef (advisor) ; Vondráčková, Petra (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to determine the importance and limits of family therapy in treatment of persons with dependence in Center of Psychotherapy and Family Therapy at Apolinář through two basic research questions: 1. How does the family therapy help in the treatment of drug dependence? 2. Which specific factors have contributed to improving the client's situation? The research sample and the object of analysis have become clients attending family therapy in the above mentioned institution. The results were obtained through a qualitative approach and based on content analysis of text documents following the chosen phases of family therapy. The obtained outcomes of the research shows that the greatest significance of family therapy lies in the improved communication, leading to better interpersonal relationships and thereby to create the appropriate environment to maintain abstinence and to prevent relapse as well. Among the detected limits, which determine the effectiveness of treatment, appears as the most important aspect the personal approach and the willingness of client to transform own ordinary behaviors. A key benefit of this thesis is the possibility of application of the resulting knowledge in the practice of the institution, especially when they could be used to increase the...
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Crime relating to the abuse of addictive substances
Smižanská, Magda ; Vokoun, Rudolf (advisor) ; Jelínek, Jiří (referee)
Introduction 1. The drug, an addictive substance, drug addiction and certain further relevant terms 2. Overview of the classification, evolution, characterization and effects of particular illegal drugs 3. Drug scene in the Czech Republic in and the drug phenomenon in the European context 4. Drug-related crime in the light of the offender 5. The legal regulation related to substance abuse 6. Prevention and the drug policy in the Czech Republic Conclusion Abbreviation list Used literature list Appendix list Appendix Summary
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Drug Addictions by Students of Secondary Technical School
KOUBKOVÁ, Hana
This bachelor work is concerned with drug dependence on addictive substances in college students, where the theoretical part offers information on drug problem issues, particularly the reasons, development and consequences of dependence on such substances. Further, drug prevention, above all primary drug prevention in high schools and colleges, its principles and effective components are dealt with in detail. The practical part includes hypotheses concerning the issue of drug addiction in college students. These hypotheses are either confirmed or disproved by performed experimental probe in the form of a questionnaire, where respondents were asked to answer 17 questions in writing. All respondents are college students from České Budějovice.
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Motivations of people addicted to drugs who seek out help
SUCHELOVÁ, Markéta
This work deals with problems of drug users in sequence to sought services by means of those motivation to change and subsequently to treatment was determined. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part where the results are drawn up. There are selected chapters elaborated in the theoretical part connected with the theme of this work because it is very difficult to sum up the problems of drug addicted people in one required form in an narrow theoretic part. At first there is a present state of using illegal drugs in the Czech Republic described, followed by a chapter dealing with treatment of drug addicted people and drug addicted people in connection with appearence of infectious illnesses in drug subculture. The apparent section of the theoretical part are the hazard factors leading to taking drugs and the main ideas are delimitated at the same time. The following chapter deals with selected models of development of drug addiction and it is spread with the problems of interdepartmental access. Then, the system of capture and medical care for non-alcoholic drug addicted people is described, where the enter programme is a programme made in terrain. This is followed by a description of an activity and destiny of the contact centers and so is the so-called chapter of lowthreshold works closed. The following elements of the care are highthreshold availibility programmes as daily centers and ambulatory care. The other arrangments are described the same way which are consecutive to the medical force, for example detoxificational programme and proper institutional treatment. The finish of the theoretical part is built by the theoretical resources at the models of drug addiction treatment. The own research proceeded in the region of the South Bohemia was carried out with an investigation in the terrain, where respondents were chosen on the basis of the contingent selection. The own research was done with the semileaded interviews with users of the non-alcoholic drugs, this means drugs with high rate of sociable danger. At the same time the respondents had to apply the drug by injection. The basic scientific set was made of 60 respondents and their answers were further statistically elaborated in order to confirm or disprove the previously stated hypotheses. From this results that a quantitative research was done. There are results in discussion with authors mentioned in theoretical part summarily elaborated. Then, the own work is elaborated at the end, where are the certain recommendations on the basis of the realized results.
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